Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA)

DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) is the genetic blueprint for all living organisms, composed of two strands forming a double helix structure. Each strand consists of a backbone of alternating sugar (deoxyribose) and phosphate molecules, with nucleotide bases attached to the sugar molecules.

Adenine (A)

Adenine (A) is a nucleotide base that pairs with thymine (T) in the DNA double helix. Adenine is one of the two purine nucleotide bases, along with guanine (G), that forms the building blocks of DNA.

Guanine (G)

Guanine (G) is a nucleotide base that pairs with cytosine (C) in the DNA double helix. It is one of the two purine nucleotide bases, along with adenine (A), that forms the building blocks of DNA.

Cytosine (C)

Cytosine (C) is a nucleotide base that pairs with guanine (G) in the DNA double helix. It is one of the two pyrimidine nucleotide bases, along with thymine (T), that forms the building blocks of DNA.

Thymine (T)

Thymine (T) is a nucleotide base found in DNA that pairs with adenine (A) through hydrogen bonds to form a complementary base pair. It is one of the two pyrimidine nucleotide bases, along with cytosine (C), that forms the building blocks of DNA.

Ribonucleic Acid (RNA)

RNA, or ribonucleic acid, is a vital molecule in cells. It helps transfer genetic information from DNA to make proteins. Unlike DNA, RNA is single-stranded. It plays a crucial role in protein synthesis and gene expression.

Adenine (A)

Adenine (A) is one of the four nitrogenous bases found in RNA. It pairs with uracil (U) during RNA synthesis. Adenine (A) plays a crucial role in the genetic code, determining the amino acid sequence in proteins.

Guanine (G)

Guanine (G) is a nitrogenous base found in RNA. It pairs with cytosine (C) through hydrogen bonds, forming a base pair in the RNA molecule. Guanine plays a critical role in the structure and function of RNA, including genetic coding and protein synthesis.

Cytosine (C)

Cytosine (C) is one of the four nucleotide bases found in RNA. It pairs with guanine (G) through hydrogen bonding. The sequence of cytosine (C) and other bases in RNA determines the genetic information the molecule carries.

Uracil (U)

Uracil (U) is one of the four nitrogenous bases found in RNA molecules. It pairs with adenine (A) during RNA synthesis. Unlike DNA, RNA contains uracil (U) instead of thymine (T) as a base.