Fertilization

Fertilization in humans occurs when a sperm cell penetrates the egg cell, resulting in the formation of a zygote. This process typically takes place in the fallopian tubes. The zygote then undergoes rapid cell division and implantation in the uterus, leading to the development of an embryo.

Sperm

Sperm cells are the male reproductive cells responsible for fertilizing an egg and initiating pregnancy. They are produced in the testes and contain genetic material, a tail for movement, and enzymes to help penetrate the egg. The mitochondria in sperm cells provide the energy needed for the sperm to swim toward and fertilize the egg.

Ovum

The ovum, also known as the egg cell, is the female reproductive cell. It is essential for reproduction, as it is fertilized by a sperm cell in the fallopian tube to create a zygote. The zygote eventually develops into a fetus in the uterus. The ovum provides half of the genetic material needed to create a new human being.