Mitochondria

Mitochondria are known as the "powerhouses" of the cell because they generate most of the cell's energy in the form of ATP (adenosine triphosphate).

Ribosomes

Mitochondrial ribosomes are made up of a combination of mitochondrial RNA (mtRNA) and protein. They are specialized structures, responsible for synthesizing proteins that are essential for mitochondrial function and overall cell health.

Circular DNA

Circular DNA is a type of DNA molecule that is shaped like a circle. Mitochondria have their own circular DNA molecules, separate from the DNA found in the nucleus of the cell. These are passed down from the mother to her offspring.

Matrix

The mitochondrial matrix is the inside space of the mitochondrion. In the mitochondrial matrix, different chemical reactions happen that help break down nutrients and produce energy in the form of a molecule called ATP for the cell.

Inner membrane

The mitochondrial inner membrane is the site of the electron transport chain, an essential step in aerobic respiration, and is loaded with proteins involved in electron transport and ATP synthesis.

Outer membrane

The mitochondrial outer membrane separates the intermembrane space from the cytosol and helps exchange molecules and information between the mitochondria and the cell.