Purine nucleobase

Adenine (A) is one of the four nucleotide bases in DNA and RNA. Adenine base pairs with thymine in DNA and uracil in RNA. Adenine is acquired via diet but can also be synthesized in the liver.

Hydrogen

Hydrogen atoms are an integral part of the structure of all four major types of biomolecules. A base from one strand pairs complementary with a base from the other to form hydrogen bonds between the two strands.

Nitrogen

All forms of life require nitrogen as a vital component. The primary element in the biological macromolecular structure of DNA and RNA is nitrogen in its reduced form.

Carbon

Carbon forms the backbone of all biological molecules and is the building block of life. Carbon covalently binds to oxygen, hydrogen, and nitrogen to form the DNA and RNA structure.