Water might not seem that special, but it’s actually a rather unusual molecule in the world of chemistry. Check out our library of study guides, 3D models, and interactive simulations to find out why!

Chemistry

Chemistry is the branch of science that deals with the study of matter! Did you know that chemistry is also called “the central science,” because of its role in bridging physics with other natural sciences? Let's dive into learning more on the composition and the physical and chemical properties of various forms of matter!  

Society, health, food, welfare, microbes, diseases. Learn more about how these are essential for us humans with our interactive 3D models and study guides.

Learn about human physiology and complex organ systems with the help of our informative study guides and interactive 3D models.

Learn about acids and bases, calculating pH, strong and a weak acids and bases, titration experiments, and more using our library of gamified study guides, 3D models, and interactive simulations.

Explore modern atomic theory by performing the experiments that established it, build your own atom in 3D, and use study guides and gamified challenges to become an expert on atomic structure!

Explore how biology and chemistry intersect all the way down at the molecular level using our extensive library of 3D, interactive content!

Compare the five major types of chemical reactions and learn how to write them in a balanced equation using our comprehensive study guides, gamified challenges, and interactive simulations!

Learn the rules of chemical nomenclature with the help of clear and comprehensive study guides, gamified challenges, and plenty of practice problems to make you a chemical classification pro!

Dive into this unit to learn about the types properties, and shapes of covalent bonds and the theories we use to explain why through comprehensive study guides, 3D models, and interactive simulations. 

Learn about electrical potential, voltaic cells, electrolysis, redox reactions, and more with the help of our easy-to-read study guides, interactive 3D models, and simulations.

Have you ever wondered why the atoms of different elements behave differently? Find out the science behind it with the help of our gamified study guides, 3D models, and interactive simulations.

Dive deeper into the concepts of entropy and free energy by exploring our comprehensive library of interactive 3D models, study guides, simulations, and more!

Learn about reversible reactions, chemical equilibrium, product constants, and more—all with the help of our immersive 3D study guides, models, and simulations.

Dive into one of the most exciting fields in science to learn about the the structure, composition, properties, and reactive characteristics of matter, all in 3D!

Explore the characteristics and properties of ionic and metallic bonds in an entirely new way using study guides, practice problems, and 3D, interactive simulations.

Check out our library of 3D study guides and simulations to understand important concepts in chemical kinetics like collision theory, activation energy, reaction order, catalysts, and more!

Everything is made of matter, but what is matter anyway? Learn about its composition, properties, and states in 3D and watch how they change with the help of our interactive models and simulations!

Learn about how different factors are measured, the units they use, and how they’re analyzed with our study guides, cheatsheets, worksheets, and more to master measurement in chemistry!

Dive into nuclear chemistry and engage with its concepts at the atomic level using our interactive 3D models and simulations!

Master orgo with the help of our extensive, 3D-rich library of resources to learn all about the structure, properties, composition, and reactive tendencies of organic compounds.

Learn to identify a redox reaction and balance its chemical equation using our extensive library of interactive content to learn everything you need to know (and more) about oxidation-reduction reactions!

Learn about the laws of solubility, molarity, molality, dilution, and more by exploring our 3D study guides, then apply what you learn by making your own solution in an interactive 3D simulation!

Learn about the states of matter using our detailed study guides and interactive 3D simulations that won’t only tell you how it works, but show you too.

Learn about the relationship between the reactants and products of a chemical reaction with the help of our study guides, practice problems, and simulations to make stoichiometry calculations a breeze.

Visualize periodic trends, atomic behavior, 3D orbitals, and more using an all-in-one, interactive periodic table customized just for you.

Master the mole and all of its applications in chemistry in no time with the help of our detailed study guides, 3D models, simulations, practice calculations, and more!

Become an expert on the ideal gas laws by exploring how pressure, volume, temperature, and particle count affect the behavior of a gas using our interactive simulations and 360° 3D models!

Dive into the details of changes in energy during phase changes and chemical reactions and visualize how thermochemical processes work with the help of our 3D models and interactive simulations.

Learn about human physiology and complex systems with the help of our interactive 3D models and informative study guides.

Why do the planets always revolve around the sun? Why hasn't there been a single instance where a planet has fallen? Find out with Inspirits interactive study guides, 3D models and simulations.

What do we think about when a vehicle collides with a wall? The damage caused? What about the transfer of energy? Use our interactive study guides and simulations and start thinking outside the box.

Prepare to get mind blown with our extensive set of resources to learn the concept of electric current. Take a look at our study guides, interactive 3D models, and simulations and pick your choice. 

Use 3D models to understand energy, voltage, and the flow of electric current in a circuit. Play around with the simulations and refer to the study guides for this topics to make learning fun.

A microwave oven and a telivision set require elctromagnetic radiation to function. Surprised? Walk into a world of such fascinating facts. Explore our 3D models, interactive study guides and simulations

Study about the unquie and fascinating concept of electromagnetism with our study guides and 3D models.

Have you heard of the scientist who ran naked on the road, shouting 'Eureka'? Want to know more about his discoveries that made him forget himself? Go visit our resourceful 3D library and learn more.

What are Laws of Motion? Who penned them down? Why are they important? Discover the answers to these and more questions with our user friendly study guides and associated 3D models.

Did you know, when bunjee jumping, a person undergoes simple harmonic motion? Learn more about this is this awesome unit which is loaded with 3D included, interactive study guides and simulations.

Why are the planets always orbiting around the sun? Check out our physics study guides, 3D models and simulations, to get these and many more questions answered. 

Enter the fascinating world of magnets with our popular 3D models. Our easy-to-read study guides explain complex concepts in a super simple way!

Explore the world of modern physics through these study guides and interactive 3D models. 

Check out our rich interactive study guides and 3D models, to learn the physics of basketball, golf, javellin throw, and any other topic related to motion in 2D!

Ever wondered why trees appear to be moving backwards while you zoom past them on a highway? It's beacuse of motion in one-dimension. Explore more using our 3D rich study guides and interactive models.

These study guides extensively cover the differnt concepts of optical physics, they are supported with a bunch of almost real looking interactive 3D models, ray diagrams and simulations too. 

Why is the wheel always circular? Why wasnt it designed as a square or a traingle? Let's use Inspirit's extensive 3D rich library to learn more.

Do you own a pair of scissors, a jar with a lid and a bottle opener? Want to know how these are part of world of machines? Check out study guides, 3D models and simulations. 

Is sound and noise the same thing? Maybe yes, maybe no. Let's learn more with these study guides, interactive 3D models and more.

Explore the different cpncepts of static electricity with these interactive study guides, 3D models and simulations.

When a solid substance is heated, the particels vibrate and take up more space, causing expansion. Fascinating right??  Discover fun facts like this in our study guides and interactive 3D models.

AP Bio

CBSE Bio

General Chemistry

General Bio

General Physics 

Biology

Physics

Simulation Build

Concentration is a familiar concept to most of us in our daily lives. We all know that adding too much coffee powder to our coffee can result in a too-strong beverage, while too little may result in a diluted, unimpressive morning coffee. Play with this simulation to visualize the relationship between the solute, solvent and their respective volumes!

concentration simulation

Concentration

## INTRODUCTION: 
Where do we use electrolytes in daily life? Take a guess. Don't we use salt in our food? That's an electrolyte. Those special sports drinks offered to athletes are also electrolytes. The detergent we use for washing our clothes is once again an electrolyte. These are a few instances wherein electrolytes play an important role in our day-to-day lives. 

![Electrolytes in Energy Drinks](//images.ctfassets.net/4yflszkpcwkt/7FM5oZysmD51kYQO3wKuUu/d745682494d35c6e0c055549919ef0c7/5643472.png)
[Source](http://msgallagherlhs.weebly.com/electrolytes-in-energy-drinks.html)

### BUT THE QUESTION ARISES: WHAT IS AN ELECTROLYTE?

Electrolytes are substances that become ions (an atom or molecule with a net electrical charge) when they get dissolved in water and acquire the capacity to conduct electricity. A positively charged ion is called a cation, whereas a negatively charged ion is called an anion.

Based on ionization (dissociation into constituent ions) in an aqueous solution, electrolytes are of 2 types: strong and weak.

![Electrolytes](//images.ctfassets.net/4yflszkpcwkt/5bt8GIEaALG9FXxxnxmnFB/1a1fd70e208f28bfe198ab75291249e3/Electrolytes.png)
[Source](https://sciencenotes.org/electrolytes-strong-weak-and-non-electrolytes/)

### STRONG ELECTROLYTE:

Strong acids, bases, and salts are examples of strong electrolytes. In an aqueous solution, these compounds dissociate into ions.

__EXAMPLES:__

- HCl - Hydrochloric acid
- HBr - Hydrobromic acid
- HI - Hydroiodic acid
- NaOH - Sodium hydroxide
- NaCl - Sodium chloride

### WEAK ELECTROLYTE:

In water, weak electrolytes only partially disintegrate into ions. Weak acids, bases, and a range of other substances are examples of weak electrolytes. The majority of nitrogen-containing substances are weak electrolytes.

__EXAMPLES:__

- HF - Hydrofluoric acid
- CH₃CO₂H - Acetic acid
- NH₃ - Ammonia
- H₂O - Water

![WEAK ELECTROLYTE](//images.ctfassets.net/4yflszkpcwkt/2a9LDOXjHBq2iZcFGnqbyA/b8b02f0a9493abdf1979b378b2f0d38b/elec2.gif)
[Source](https://www.stolaf.edu/depts/chemistry/courses/toolkits/121/js/naming/elec.htm)

## CONCLUSION: 

- An electrolyte is a substance that dissolves in water and acquires the capacity to conduct electricity.
- There are two types of electrolytes- strong and weak electrolytes.
- A strong electrolyte is an electrolyte that dissolves almost completely in water. An example of a strong electrolyte is Hydrogen Chloride (HCl).
- A weak electrolyte is an electrolyte that doesn't dissolve completely in water.

### FAQs: 

__1. Is HCl acid a strong electrolyte?__

Yes, hydrogen chloride is a strong electrolyte, and it dissolves in water completely to form Hydrogen ions and chlorine ions.

__2. Why is HCl an electrolyte?__

HCl is an electrolyte because it completely dissolves to form hydrogen ions and chloride ions when mixed with water. These together conduct electricity. Hence, it's an electrolyte.

__3. When does HCl act as a non-electrolyte?__

In its pure form, HCl gas is a non-electrolyte. Electrolytes are formed once it's dissolved in water. Since hydrogen chloride gas is not dissolved in water, it's a non-electrolyte.

*We hope you enjoyed studying this lesson and learned something cool about __Strong and Weak Electrolytes__! Join our Discord community to get any questions you may have answered and to engage with other students just like you! Don't forget to download our App to experience our fun, VR classrooms - we promise, it makes studying much more fun!* 😎 

## SOURCES:
1. Strong and Weak Electrolytes. https://www.ck12.org/c/chemistry/strong-and-weak-electrolytes/lesson/Strong-and-Weak-Electrolytes-CHEM/ accessed 17 Feb 2022
2. Chemistry Examples: Strong and Weak Electrolytes. https://www.thoughtco.com/strong-and-weak-electrolytes-609437 accessed 17 Feb 2022


Electrolytes are substances that become ions when they get dissolved in water.


Strong and Weak Electrolytes Study Guide

## INTRODUCTION

Do you know that cleaning of wounds can also be done by saline solution? Saline solution is a solution of common salt and water. 
But what is a solution in chemistry?
Let’s understand!

### SOLUTION
A homogenous mixture of two or more substances is called a solution. 

![Solution](//images.ctfassets.net/4yflszkpcwkt/57e6kte9NJMs0XnQUP9iF6/986bbc6d7b5b44671c59d6c40bd4ea45/2.svg)
[Source](https://www.nagwa.com/en/explainers/540137393417/)

### COMPONENTS OF A SOLUTION
A solution is formed by mixing a solute and solvent. So what are solute and solvent? A solute is a substance that is dissolved in a dissolving medium called a solvent.

For example, when we make a salt solution, salt is being dissolved in a dissolving medium that is water. Here, salt is solute as it is dissolved in dissolving medium water, which is solvent.

The same applies to a sugar solution. Sugar is solute, and water is solvent. 
Another thing to keep in mind is that solute is in limited quantity while the solvent is in excess. 

### THE AQUEOUS SOLUTIONS

When the solvent used to make a solution is water, the solution is called aqueous. The saltwater solution is an aqueous solution. The dissolved part that is solute can be in any state: solid, liquid, or gas. For example, acid solutions are acids dissolved in water like vinegar, seawater is a solution of many salts in water, and cough syrup is a solution of many drugs dissolved in water.

But is a solution only formed when the solvent is liquid?
NO!

### DIFFERENT TYPES OF SOLUTIONS

The air that we feel around us is actually a solution to gasses. Nitrogen is the major component while oxygen, carbon dioxide, water vapor, and many more gasses. Some other examples of solutions are:

![DIFFERENT TYPES OF SOLUTIONS](//images.ctfassets.net/4yflszkpcwkt/3F15PyMpBTjhdjGJ4ciJ8L/2e666559a1082ce26fd945abf4765a64/Solutions.png)
[Source](https://byjus.com/chemistry/types-of-solutions/)

Commonly the term solution is used when the solvent is liquid.

### A TRUE SOLUTION

A true solution is a homogenous mixture of two or more substances in which the particle size of solute dissolved is less than 1 nm.
When we mix salt into the water, what happens after some time?
Does the salt start setting at the bottom of the beaker?
No, that doesn’t happen because it is a true solution. So, a true solution is one in which the solute doesn’t get separated out if it is kept for an indefinite time. Other examples of true solutions are sugar and water solution, air, etc.

## CONCLUSION

- Solution: A homogenous mixture of two or more substances is called a solution. 
- It is formed by mixing solute (smaller quantity) and a solvent (larger quantity). Solute and solvent can be in any state.

### FAQs:

__1. Do sand and water, when mixed, make a solution?__

No, sand and water do not mix to make a homogenous mixture. So, they do not make a solution.

__2. Is air an aqueous solution?__

No, the air is not an aqueous solution; as for aqueous solutions, the solvent should be water. But the air is a mixture of gasses.

__3. A solvent is the component of a solution that is present in a larger quantity. Is this statement right?__

Yes, the solvent is present in larger quantities while the solute is present in
smaller quantities.

*We hope you enjoyed studying this lesson and learned something cool about __Solute and Solvent__! Join our Discord community to get any questions you may have answered and to engage with other students just like you! Don't forget to download our app to experience our fun VR classrooms - we promise it makes studying much more fun!* 😎

## SOURCES

1. Solute and Solvent: https://www.ck12.org/c/chemistry/solute-and-solvent/lesson/Solute-and-Solvent-CHEM/. Accessed 28 Feb 2022.


A homogenous mixture of two or more substances is called a solution, and it is made by mixing solute and solvent.


Solute and Solvent Study Guide

## INTRODUCTION

A solution is defined as a homogeneous mixture of two or more different substances. The major portion of a solution is the solvent, and the minor portion is the solute. 

When a solute is dissolved in a solvent, the solvent particles surround and separate the solute particles in a process called dissolution. The interaction between these particles is known as solvation. Solvents and solutes with similar intermolecular forces have a stronger attraction than those with dissimilar forces. The stronger the attraction, the stronger the solubility of the solute in the solvent.

Unlike covalent molecules, ionic compounds break into positively and negatively charged ions when dissolved in a solvent. This process is called dissociation, and such solutes are known as electrolytes. 

Now that you have some background, let’s dive deeper into the details of dissociation, solvation, and electrolytes below.

### DISSOCIATION

Sodium chloride or table salt is an ionic compound formed by one sodium (Na) and one chlorine (Cl) atom. Due to its ionic nature, NaCl breaks into a positively charged cation (Na+) and a negatively charged anion (Cl-) when dissolved in a solvent. When atoms or molecules gain a positive or negative charge, it is called ionization. 

Dissociation is the process by which a larger molecule like NaCl breaks into smaller particles, and compounds that dissociate in a solution are called electrolytes. Some examples of electrolytes include sodium chloride (NaCl), hydrochloric acid (HCl), and sodium hydroxide (NaOH).

### SOLVATION

As we mentioned before, dissolution is the process in which solute particles are surrounded by solvent particles to form a solution. Dissolution signifies the kinetic process in which molecules move away from each other, which can be quantified in terms of rate. Solvation, on the other hand, is used to quantify the equilibrium state in which the rate of dissolution becomes equal to the rate of precipitation. Alterations to a solvent’s quantity can affect the rate of solvation within a solution.

### ELECTROLYTES

![Electrolytes](//images.ctfassets.net/4yflszkpcwkt/2n9BPJzgE8fp5EZvfLiows/ee99a97e833d465d1c6feec7738ee7e9/CNX_Chem_11_02_electrolyt1-1024x509.jpg)
[Source](https://courses.lumenlearning.com/chemistryformajors/chapter/electrolytes/)

Electrolytes are substances that undergo dissociation when dissolved in water and have a general electrolyte chemical formula of A+ B-.. The process of dissociation leads to the formation of charged particles known as ions. The positively charged ions are known as cations, and the negatively charged ions are known as anions. 

A unique property of an electrolyte is that it can conduct electricity when melted or dissolved in water. NaCl is a prime example of an electrolyte’s chemical formula because it breaks into Na+ and Cl- when dissolved in water.

## CONCLUSION
- Dissolution occurs when solute particles are surrounded by solvent particles to form a solution.
- Ionic solute compounds break into cations and anions when they come into contact with a solvent in a process known as dissociation.
- Solvation is a process by which solute particles interact and associate themselves with solvent particles. It is used to quantify the equilibrium state in which the rate of dissolution becomes equal to the rate of precipitation.
- Electrolytes are substances that undergo dissociation when dissolved in water to form ions. Dissolved electrolytes have the unique property of being able to conduct electricity.

### FAQs

__1. What are some examples of electrolytes?__

NaCl is a strong ionic compound, which is an example of an electrolyte. Other examples of electrolytes include KCl, NaCl, and HCl. 

__2. How can you identify an electrolyte?__

When in a dilemma regarding the question of which compounds are electrolytes, check if they break into strong ions when dissolved.

*We hope you enjoyed studying this lesson and learned something cool about __Solvation, Dissociation, and Electrolytes__! Join our Discord community to get any questions you may have answered and to engage with other students just like you! Don't forget to download our App to experience our fun VR classrooms - we promise, it makes studying much more fun!* 😎 

## SOURCES
1. Electrolytes:https://byjus.com/chemistry/electrolytes/.Accessed 8th March 2022. 
2. Solvation, Dissociation, and Electrolytes: https://www.ck12.org/c/chemistry/electrolytes-and-nonelectrolytes/enrichment/Solvation-Dissociation-and-Electrolytes-Example-1/.Accessed 8th March 2022. 


What compounds are electrolytes? Electrolytes are substances that undergo dissociation when dissolved in water. The process of dissociation leads to the formation of charged particles known as ions.


Solvation, Dissociation, and Electrolytes Study Guide

## INTRODUCTION

Dissolution is a routine activity. We mix two substances to create a solution every day. For example, imagine your morning tea. You take sugar and put it in a liquid to create a sweet solution. Let’s learn about the science behind it.

### WHAT IS THE DISSOLUTION PROCESS?

To understand dissolution, we must first understand the events that occur at the molecular level during the process. The reason that a solute dissolves entirely in a solvent depends on the nature and characteristics of the solute. Overall, we can find similarities in all the solutes. 

It is a common saying in chemistry that “like dissolves like.” This phrase stems from the fact that a solute and a solvent must have similar intermolecular forces to form a solution. The first step in the dissolving process is introducing a solute to a solvent. The molecules of both these substances start interacting, and as a result, the solute molecules move away from each other and are surrounded by the solvent molecules. 

The interaction between a solvent and a dissolved solute is termed solvation. When water is the solvent, the process is called hydration.

![DISSOLUTION PROCESS](//images.ctfassets.net/4yflszkpcwkt/7oLgecrZJD8KDRBZglzFTE/e71cdf28dbee84bbeeec49fd1daa9312/1-s2.0-S0001868614001924-fx1.jpg)
[Source](https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0001868614001924)

### WHAT ARE THE DIFFERENT TYPES OF SOLUTES?

There are three types of solutes: molecular, ionic, and covalent. In the case of molecular solutes, when we introduce them to the solvent, the molecules separate and become surrounded by solvent particles. 

When we introduce an ionic solute to the solvent, the independent ions of the molecules separate and are surrounded by the solvent particles in a process called dissociation, as occurs when dissolving a polar substance in water. The dissociation process causes the solution to conduct electricity, a unique property of soluble ionic compounds. Because of this property, ionic compounds are also known as electrolytes. 

Strong electrolytes dissociate completely in a solution. Table salt, or sodium chloride (NaCl), is an example of a strong electrolyte. Weak electrolytes do not dissociate completely in a solution; hence, there are fewer cations and anions in the solution. Acetic acid is a popular example of a weak electrolyte. 

Covalent solutes dissolve as individual molecules and do not dissociate in the solution, which is why they’re called nonelectrolytes. Table sugar is a famous example of a covalent solute. 

Notes on the dissolution of gasses: It is crucial to understand that the solubility of gasses is affected by temperature and pressure conditions, so which methods would increase the solubility of gas? Gasses dissolve better at lower temperatures and high-pressure conditions.

## CONCLUSION: 

- Dissolution is when the soluble solute interacts with the solvent to create a solution.
- When solutes interact with the solvent, they move away from each other. The solvent molecules then surround individual molecules before they enter into a solution.
- Ionic solute compounds break into cations and anions upon contact with a solvent.
- The process of breaking into cations and anions is known as dissociation.
- Ionic solutes that dissociate completely are strong electrolytes. 

### FAQs: 

__1. Which is true about the dissolving process in water polar solutes?__

When introducing ionic soluble compounds to water, they dissociate completely to form cations and anions. For example, sodium chloride breaks into Na and Cl-.

__2. What is the dissolving process?__

Dissolution is when the soluble solute interacts with the solvent to create a solution.

__3. What happens to a substance when dissolving in water?__

When particles of a solute interact with the solvent particle, they move away from each other. Solvent molecules then surround individual solute particles before entering into a solution.

__4. What is the dissolving of water?__

If the solvent used is water, the solvation is referred to as hydration.

*We hope you enjoyed studying this lesson and learned something cool about __Dissolution__! Join our Discord community to get any questions you may have answered and to engage with other students just like you! Don't forget to download our app to experience our fun VR classrooms - we promise it makes studying much more fun!* 😎 

## SOURCES: 
1. Dissolutions: https://chem.libretexts.org/. Accessed 28 Feb 2022.
2. Dissolving Process: https://www.ck12.org/c/chemistry/dissolving-process/plix/Dissolving-Process-55b6b1d9da2cfe5fb80e288f/. Accessed 28 Feb 2022. 


Dissolution is the process in which soluble solute particles interact with solvent particles to create a solution.


Dissolving Process Study Guide

## INTRODUCTION

Depending on whether chemical compounds conduct electricity through their aqueous solution, they can be divided into two distinct parts, including electrolytes and non-electrolytes. Chemistry definition of electrolyte states that it is a chemical compound that could easily dissolve in an aqueous solution (water), creating ions. 

The formed ions are the prime source behind conducting electricity through the solution. Non-electrolytes do not conduct any electricity when dissolved in water because they cannot form any ions. 

### ELECTROLYTE IN CHEMISTRY

When dissolved in water, electrolytes are those chemical compounds that could break down into ions and conduct electricity throughout the aqueous solution. However, the compound should be an ionic compound made of anions and cations to break down into ions. The ions break down when you dissolve electrolyte compounds in the aqueous solution, forming aqueous cations and anions dispersed uniformly. 

The solution is neutral due to the uniform distribution of ions. You must have seen this experiment where an electric current is introduced into the aqueous solution, and the ions start moving to the two ends. This experiment helps prove electrolytes conduct electricity. 

However, electrolytes can again be divided into weak and strong electrolytes. You would not find any neutral molecules in the aqueous solution of a strong electrolyte as it completely ionizes. Although, with weak electrolytes, the ions do not get completely ionized; therefore, you might find some neutral molecules there. 

### EXAMPLES OF ELECTROLYTES

Strong bases and acids are great examples of electrolytes as they get completely ionized in water. However, some compounds only dissolve partially but are still considered strong electrolytes like strontium hydroxide. 

There are some weak electrolytes as well, like mostly nitrogen-containing compounds. Water is a strong example of a weak electrolyte. 

![Sugar](//images.ctfassets.net/4yflszkpcwkt/1Pku45980SxCMFhApfao0T/a54ea8c6164dae0769ade03fe34328de/Difference-Between-Electrolytes-and-Nonelectrolytes-2.jpg)
[Source](https://pediaa.com/difference-between-electrolytes-and-nonelectrolytes/#:~:text=Electrolytes%20are%20chemical%20compounds%20that,ions%20when%20dissolved%20in%20water)

### NON-ELECTROLYTE COMPOUNDS 

These chemical compounds cannot conduct electricity. Most non-electrolyte compounds are covalent compounds; they do not form any ion. Hydrocarbons are primary examples of non-electrolytes because they cannot dissolve in water. 

![Non electrolytes](//images.ctfassets.net/4yflszkpcwkt/7g4e3Us3OzdnQ2gWydgdDD/e5ff313948997edd208f38c7a225639e/Nonelectrolyte.jpg)
[Source](https://studiousguy.com/nonelectrolyte-examples/)

## CONCLUSION

- Electrolytes could break into ions and can conduct electricity 
- Non-electrolytes do not get dissolved in water; therefore, they cannot conduct electricity 
- Strong acids alongside bases are good examples of electrolytes. 
- Hydrocarbons are examples of non-electrolytes.

### FAQs: 

__1. What are electrolytes and their types?__

Electrolytes are chemical compounds that can conduct electricity. The two types are strong electrolytes and weak electrolytes. 

__2. How do you identify an electrolyte in chemistry?__

If a chemical compound dissolves in water and then separates into cations and anions, it is an electrolyte, and if it fails to do so, it is a non-electrolyte. 

*We hope you enjoyed studying this lesson and learned something cool about __Electrolytes and Non-electrolytes__! Join our Discord community to get any questions you may have answered and to engage with other students just like you! Don't forget to download our app to experience our fun VR classrooms - we promise it makes studying much more fun!* 😎

## SOURCES: 

1. Difference between Electrolytes and Non-electrolytes: https://pediaa.com/difference-between-electrolytes-and-nonelectrolytes/#:~:text=Electrolytes%20are%20chemical%20compounds%20that,ions%20when%20dissolved%20in%20water. Accessed 28 Feb 2022.
2. Non-electrolyte: https://byjus.com/chemistry/nonelectrolyte/#:~:text=Examples%20of%20Nonelectrolytes&text=Glucose%2C%20a%20sugar%20with%20the,it%20is%20considered%20a%20nonelectrolyte. Accessed 28 Feb 2022.


Electrolyte Chemistry helps us understand the basics of electrolytes and non-electrolytes, the benefits, and their significant differences.


Electrolytes And Non-Electrolytes Study Guide

TL;DR A Complete Guide to the Dissolution Process

TL;DR Electrolytes and Non-Electrolytes

TL;DR Structure Of Water

## INTRODUCTION

Water is one of the most precious resources on the earth. Though 71% of our planet’s surface is covered by water, only 3% is freshwater, and of that 3%, only 1.2% is safe for human consumption. Water is necessary for a multitude of life-sustaining activities, such as drinking and household needs, recreation, agriculture, industry, and thermoelectricity. Its unusual properties make it integral not only for human activities, but also the biological processes that keep every other living being on the planet alive. Let’s learn about its structure to gain a better understanding of why it’s so important.

## WHAT IS THE STRUCTURE OF WATER?

![Structure of Water](//images.ctfassets.net/4yflszkpcwkt/2Uz4hFdjYYpslpNbON48Hf/5f660fae2b7377252dcfcfa6c1cd2a3e/f-d_f45c7d78874201970958daf29d7bd7b304d46aedfdc403ae9231b788_IMAGE_THUMB_POSTCARD_TINY_IMAGE_THUMB_POSTCARD_TINY.1)
[Source](https://www.ck12.org/c/chemistry/structure-of-water/lesson/Structure-of-Water-CHEM/) 

A water molecule consists of one oxygen atom bound to two hydrogens by covalent bonds. A covalent bond is characterized by the sharing of one or more electron pairs between two atoms. When a covalent bond is formed between atoms of significantly different electronegativities, it is classified as a polar bond. Because oxygen has a higher electronegativity than hydrogen, water is considered a polar molecule.

Polar bonds result in an unequal sharing of electrons. The oxygen atom in a water molecule attracts the shared electron pairs to a greater degree and thus acquires a partial negative charge (δ−), while each hydrogen acquires a partial positive charge (δ+). As a result, the H-O-H bond is bent at a 105o angle.

Polar water molecules attract each other by dipole-dipole forces, where the positive end of a molecule is attracted to the negative end of another. Each hydrogen atom on a molecule strongly attracts a lone pair of electrons on an adjacent water molecule. This results in the formation of a hydrogen-hydrogen bond, which is stronger than a dipolar one.

## CONCLUSION

- The chemical formula of water is H₂O.
- In a water molecule, two atoms of hydrogen and one atom of oxygen are bound together by covalent bonds.
- The shared electrons of each covalent bond are attracted to the oxygen atom to a greater degree because of its stronger electronegative force.
- The tilt of the shared electron results in hydrogen acquiring a positive charge and oxygen acquiring a partial negative charge.
- The partial charges result in a bent shape of the molecule, arranged at a 105° angle. This is the bond angle of water.  
- Polar water molecules attract each other by dipole-dipole forces, where one end of the positive molecule is attracted by the negative end of another polar molecule.
- Each hydrogen atom on a molecule strongly attracts a lone pair of electrons on an adjacent water molecule. This results in the formation of a hydrogen-hydrogen bond.

### FAQs

__1. What kind of bond joins hydrogen to oxygen in a water molecule?__

A polar covalent bond.

__2. Does water have a bond angle of 180°?__

No, a Water molecule is a bond arranged at an angle of 105°.

__3. What is the bond shape of water?__

The bond shape of the water is a bent structure.

*We hope you enjoyed studying this lesson and learned something cool about the __Structure Of Water__! Join our Discord community to get any questions you may have answered and to engage with other students just like you! Don't forget to download our App to experience our fun VR classrooms - we promise, it makes studying much more fun!* 😎 

## SOURCES

1. Structure of water: https://www.ck12.org/c/chemistry/structure-of-water/lesson/Structure-of-Water-CHEM/. Accessed 8th March 2022.
2. Structure of Water: https://chem.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Introductory_Chemistry/Introductory_Chemistry_(CK-12)/15%3A_Water/15.01%3A_Structure_of_Water. Accessed 8th March 2022.

The structure of the water molecule is a covalent bond formed at a 105o water bond angle. 
