Kinetic Molecular Theory Study Guide

INTRODUCTION

Recognize these crazy balls that made our childhood so much fun? The harder you threw it, the more it would bounce. The science behind this is pretty simple. The harder you throw the ball, the greater the kinetic energy you provide to the ball, resulting in greater velocity and eventually more bounce. Similar is the concept of the kinetic molecular theory in chemistry, that we are about to discuss.

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KINETIC MOLECULAR THEORY

The kinetic molecular theory explains how microscopic properties of atoms and their interactions can be observed at the macroscopic level (like pressure, volume, temperature), as well as their interaction with one another. Using the concept, we may be able to explain why matter consists of various stages and how matter can change between them.

According to the kinetic molecular theory of matter:

• The matter is made up of particles that are constantly moving.
• Every particle has energy, however the amount of energy changes based on the temperature of the matter specimen. The condition of the material is then determined by whether it is solid, liquid, or gaseous. Particles in the solid-state have the minimum amount of energy, whereas gaseous particles have the most.
• The average kinetic energy of the molecules is measured by the temperature of a material.
• Whenever the energy of the molecules is modified, the phase of the particles may change.
• There is space between matter particles. As a particular substance travels from the solid to the liquid and gaseous phases, the average amount of vacant space between molecules rises.
• Molecular interactions become stronger when molecules draw closer together due to attractive forces between them. These forces of attraction are called forces between molecules.

The kinetic molecular theory is easiest to apply to gasses. Every gas molecule is thought to be self-contained and unaffected by the presence of other gas particles. When a gas particle collides with another gas molecule, it simply bounces off in the opposite direction without any speed change. The same logic applies to hot air balloons. As air particles heat up and rise, they collide with the interior of the balloon, propelling it higher into the air.

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CONCLUSION:

• The kinetic molecular theory of matter describes the microscopic properties of atoms and their interrelations.
• The average kinetic energy of the molecules is measured by the temperature of a material.
• Whenever the energy of the particulate is modified, the phase of the particles may shift.

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FAQs:

1. What are some examples of kinetic molecular theory?

Brownian Motion—the random movement of particulate matter caused by collisions with "air" molecules, and Boyle's, Charles', and Gay- Lussac's Laws—are examples of kinetic theory. This theory also emphasizes how temperature influences the states of matter.

2. What is the application of kinetic molecular theory?

The kinetic molecular theory may explain each of the empirically established gas laws. The pressure of a gas is caused by clashes between the gas molecules and the container's surfaces. When a gas particle collides with a wall, it generates a force on it.

3. What is the kinetic theory of matter? Explain it with an example.

According to the kinetic molecular theory of matter, the matter is composed of continually moving particles. Every particle has energy, however the amount of energy changes based on the temperature of the matter specimen. The condition of the material is then determined by whether it is solid, liquid, or gaseous.

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SOURCES:

1. Kinetic Molecular Theory: https://byjus.com/jee/kinetic-theory-of-gases/ accessed 5 Feb 2022.
2. Statements of Kinetic Theory: https://www.ck12.org/c/chemistry/kinetic-molecular-theory/rwa/Its-Getting-Crowded/ accessed 5 Feb 2022.
3. Kinetic Molecular Theory: https://courses.lumenlearning.com/boundless-chemistry/chapter/kinetic-molecular-theory-of-matter/ accessed 5 Feb 2022.